An every elementary electronic device constructed as a single unit. Any circuit or a system can produce the desired output based on the input. Electronic devices are the components for controlling the electrical current flow for the purpose of signal processing and system control. Before the invention of integrated circuits (ICs), all the individual electronic devices like the transistor, diodes were discrete in nature. All the individual electronic devices are called as discrete components. … [Read more...]

The cellular mobile service is being used everywhere in the world today. GSM and CDMA are two dominant technologies in the world of mobile communication. These two technologies differ the way in which the calls and data transfer takes place over a network and mobile. What is GSM? GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communication. It is a digital mobile telephony system used for trans-receiving of the data and voice signals and is a second generation standard for mobile networks. The GSM … [Read more...]

In present days, the audio & video is totally digitized. When the audio signal is out of any audio source or microphone, then the analog will be sampled, coded, modulated, compressed & processed into the digital form like zero’s and one’s, so it is named as DSP (Digital Signal Processing). The remaking of digital signal into audio signal is done by the digital signal processing. The architecture of traditional X86 is called “Von Neumann”, and it is not suitable for handling several … [Read more...]

The difference between microprocessor and microcontroller have always been confused with one another. Each of them are designed for real time application. They share several common features and at the same time they have some variations. These IC’s cannot be distinguished by observing them. They are available in several versions ranging from pin-6 to as high as 80-100 pins. Before aiming to the difference between microprocessor and microcontroller, let’s see the brief introduction of … [Read more...]

The architecture of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) operates the capacity to function from “Instruction Set Architecture” to where it was designed. The architectural design of the CPU is Reduced instruction set computing (RISC) and Complex instruction set computing (CISC). CISC has the capacity to perform multi-step operations or addressing modes within one instruction set. It is the CPU design where one instruction works several low-level acts. For instance, memory storage, loading from … [Read more...]

The most popular semiconductor technology (MOSFET technology) obtainable today is the CMOS technology. The term CMOS stands for complementary MOS technology. This is the most important semiconductor technology for ASICs, microprocessors, memories, etc. The main benefit of CMOS technology over NMOS and Bipolar technology is the power dissipation – when the circuit activates then only the power dissipates. This allows fitting several CMOS gates on an IC (integrated circuit) than in Bipolar & … [Read more...]

Both the BJT and the MOSFET come under the category of semiconductors. This type of devices produces large variations in the electrical signals due to the changes in the applied input signals. The transistors are the revolutionary devices; its invention in the 20th century has bought changes in the electronic systems. These also facilitate to act like switches as well as it can also be used in amplifiers. The basic type in the transistor that introduced earlier is BJT later MOSFET is introduced … [Read more...]

This article discusses about the Difference between Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers - These are both amplifiers that are derived from the basic operational amplifiers (op-amps). The basic op-amp consists of two input terminals that are known as inverting and non-inverting.  Inverting terminal is represented by the sign minus and the non-inverting terminal is represented as plus sign. These op-amps are basically known for its differential characteristics. Hence these are good at … [Read more...]